Abubuwan asali na plasma
A. Plasma protein
Ana iya raba furotin Plasma zuwa albumin (3.8g% ~ 4.8g%), globulin (2.0g% ~ 3.5g%), da fibrinogen (0.2g% ~ 0.4g%) da sauran abubuwa.Yanzu an gabatar da manyan ayyukansa kamar haka:
a.Samar da matsi na colloid osmotic na plasma Daga cikin waɗannan sunadaran, albumin yana da mafi ƙarancin nauyin kwayoyin halitta kuma mafi girman abun ciki, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye matsa lamba na colloid osmotic plasma na al'ada.Lokacin da haɗin albumin a cikin hanta ya ragu ko kuma an fitar da shi da yawa a cikin fitsari, abun cikin plasma na albumin yana raguwa, kuma matsi na colloid osmotic yana raguwa, yana haifar da edema na tsarin.
b.Immune globulin ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa kamar a1, a2, β da γ, daga cikinsu γ (gamma) globulin yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin rigakafi iri-iri, waɗanda zasu iya haɗawa da antigens (kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta ko sunadaran sunadaran) don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.cututtuka dalilai.Idan abun ciki na wannan immunoglobulin bai isa ba, ikon jiki na jure cututtuka yana raguwa.Har ila yau Complement wani furotin ne a cikin plasma, wanda zai iya haɗuwa tare da immunoglobulins don yin aiki tare a kan kwayoyin cuta ko jikin waje, yana lalata tsarin membranes na tantanin halitta, wanda ke da tasirin bacteriolytic ko cytolytic.
c.Sufuri sunadaran Plasma za a iya haɗa su da abubuwa iri-iri don samar da hadaddun abubuwa, kamar wasu hormones, bitamin, Ca2+ da Fe2+ ana iya haɗa su da globulin, yawancin magunguna da fatty acid ana haɗa su da albumin kuma ana jigilar su cikin jini.
Bugu da kari, akwai da yawa enzymes a cikin jini, kamar proteases, lipases da transaminases, wanda za a iya kai ga daban-daban cell cell ta hanyar jini.
d.Abubuwan da ke haifar da coagulation kamar fibrinogen da thrombin a cikin plasma sune abubuwan da ke haifar da coagulation na jini.
B. Nitrogen mara gina jiki
Abubuwan Nitrogen ban da sunadaran da ke cikin jini ana kiran su gaba ɗaya a matsayin nitrogen maras gina jiki.Musamman urea, ban da uric acid, creatinine, amino acids, peptides, ammonia da bilirubin.Daga cikin su, amino acid da polypeptides sune abubuwan gina jiki kuma suna iya shiga cikin haɗin sunadarai na nama daban-daban.Sauran abubuwan da aka samu galibin abubuwan da ake samu ne (wastes) na jiki ne, kuma mafi yawansu jini ne ke kawo su cikin koda sannan a fitar da su.
C. kwayoyin halitta marasa nitrogen
Saccharide da ke cikin plasma galibi shine glucose, wanda ake magana da shi azaman sukari na jini.Abin da ke cikin sa yana da alaƙa da kusanci da glucose metabolism.Abubuwan da ke cikin jini na mutane na yau da kullun ba su da ƙarfi, kusan 80mg% zuwa 120mg%.Hyperglycemia ana kiransa hyperglycemia, ko kuma ƙasa da ƙasa ana kiran shi hypoglycemia, wanda zai haifar da rashin aiki na jiki.
Abubuwan kitse da ke cikin plasma gaba ɗaya ana kiransu da lipids na jini.Ciki har da phospholipids, triglycerides da cholesterol.Waɗannan abubuwa sune albarkatun ƙasa waɗanda ke haɗa sassan salula da abubuwa kamar su hormones na roba.Abubuwan da ke cikin lipid na jini yana da alaƙa da haɓakar mai da kuma abin da ke cikin abinci ya shafa.Yawan lipid na jini yana cutar da jiki.
D. Inorganic salts
Yawancin abubuwan da ba su da lafiya a cikin plasma suna kasancewa a cikin yanayin ionic.Daga cikin cations, Na+ yana da mafi girman maida hankali, haka kuma K+, Ca2+ da Mg2+, da sauransu. su musamman physiological ayyuka.Misali, NaCl yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye matsi na osmotic crystal na plasma da kiyaye girman jinin jiki.Plasma Ca2 + yana da hannu a yawancin ayyuka masu mahimmanci na ilimin lissafin jiki irin su ci gaba da haɓaka neuromuscular kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɗin gwiwa na tsoka da tsoka.Akwai abubuwa masu yawa kamar su jan karfe, baƙin ƙarfe, manganese, zinc, cobalt da aidin a cikin plasma, waɗanda su ne kayan da ake buƙata don samuwar wasu enzymes, bitamin ko hormones, ko kuma suna da alaƙa da wasu ayyuka na physiological.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 16-2022
