ʻO nā ʻāpana kumu o ka plasma
A. ʻO ka protein plasma
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka protein plasma i albumin (3.8g% ~ 4.8g%), globulin (2.0g% ~ 3.5g%), a me fibrinogen (0.2g% ~ 0.4g%) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kāna mau hana nui penei:
a.ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka plasma colloid osmotic pressure Ma waena o kēia mau protein, ʻo albumin ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ke kaumaha a me ka mea nui loa, kahi mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka plasma colloid osmotic pressure maʻamau.Ke hōʻemi ʻia ka synthesis o albumin i loko o ke ake a i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka nui o ka urine, e emi ana ka ʻike o ka albumin plasma, a ua emi pū ka puʻuwai osmotic colloid, e hopena i ka edema systemic.
b.Loaʻa i ka Immune globulin kekahi mau mea e like me ka a1, a2, β a me γ, ma waena o ka γ (gamma) globulin i loaʻa i nā ʻano antibodies, hiki ke hui pū me nā antigens (e like me ka bacteria, virus a i ʻole heterologous proteins) e pepehi i nā pathogens.kumu maʻi.Inā lawa ʻole ka ʻike o kēia immunoglobulin, e emi ana ka hiki o ke kino ke pale aku i ka maʻi.ʻO ka Complement kekahi protein i loko o ka plasma, hiki ke hui pū me nā immunoglobulins e hana pū i nā pathogens a i ʻole nā kino ʻē, e luku ana i ke ʻano o ko lākou mau cell membranes, a laila loaʻa nā hopena bacteriolytic a cytolytic paha.
c.Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā protein Plasma me nā ʻano mea like ʻole e hana i nā paʻakikī, e like me kekahi mau hormones, nā huaora, Ca2 + a me Fe2 + hiki ke hui pū me ka globulin, nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā momona momona i hui pū ʻia me albumin a lawe ʻia i loko o ke koko.
Eia kekahi, he nui nā enzymes i loko o ke koko, e like me nā protease, lipases a me nā transaminases, hiki ke lawe ʻia i nā ʻāpana kikoo like ʻole ma o ka lawe ʻana i ka plasma.
d.ʻO nā mea hoʻohui e like me ka fibrinogen a me ka thrombin i loko o ka plasma nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i ke koko.
B. ʻAʻole protein nitrogen
ʻO nā mea Nitrogenous ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka protein i loko o ke koko i hui pū ʻia he non-protein nitrogen.ʻO ka nui o ka urea, me ka uric acid, creatinine, amino acids, peptides, ammonia a me bilirubin.I waena o lākou, ʻo nā amino acids a me nā polypeptides nā meaʻai a hiki ke komo i ka synthesis o nā ʻano protein ʻokoʻa.ʻO ke koena o nā meaʻai he mau huahana metabolized (nā ʻōpala) o ke kino, a lawe ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou i nā puʻupaʻa e ke koko a hoʻokuʻu ʻia.
C. ʻO nā mea ola kino ʻole nitrogen
ʻO ka saccharide i loko o ka plasma ka nui o ka glucose, i kapa ʻia he koko koko.Ua pili loa kona ʻike i ka metabolism glucose.ʻO ke kō koko koko o nā kānaka maʻamau he paʻa paʻa, ma kahi o 80mg% a 120mg%.Kapa ʻia ʻo Hyperglycemia he hyperglycemia, a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo hypoglycemia, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hana ʻino o ke kino.
ʻO nā mea momona i loko o ka plasma i kapa ʻia he koko lipids.Me ka phospholipids, triglycerides a me ka cholesterol.ʻO kēia mau mea nā mea maka e hana i nā ʻāpana kelepona a me nā mea e like me nā hormones synthetic.Pili ka maʻiʻo lipid koko i ka momona metabolism a pili pū i ka momona o ka meaʻai.He pōʻino ke kino o ka lipid koko nui.
D. Na paakai anoano
Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā mea inorganic i loko o ka plasma ma kahi kūlana ionic.Ma waena o nā cations, ʻo Na + ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa, a me K+, Ca2+ a me Mg2+, etc. I waena o nā anion, ʻo Cl- ka mea nui loa, ʻo HCO3- ka lua, a ʻo HPO42- a me SO42-, a pēlā aku. kā lākou mau hana physiological kūikawā.No ka laʻana, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka NaCl i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaomi osmotic kristal plasma a me ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o ke koko.Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Plasma Ca2 + i nā hana physiological koʻikoʻi e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka neuromuscular excitability a hoʻokani i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo a me ka contraction.Aia ka nui o nā mea e like me ke keleawe, ka hao, ka manganese, ka zinc, ka cobalt a me ka iodine i loko o ka plasma, he mau mea pono no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kekahi mau enzymes, nā huaora a i ʻole nā hormones, a i ʻole e pili ana i kekahi mau hana physiological.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-16-2022
