Izingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-plasma
A. Amaprotheni e-Plasma
Amaprotheni e-plasma angahlukaniswa abe yi-albumin (3.8g% ~ 4.8g%), iglobulin (2.0g% ~ 3.5g%), ne-fibrinogen (0.2g% ~ 0.4g%) nezinye izakhi.Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko manje yethulwa kanje:
a.Ukwakheka kwe-plasma colloid osmotic pressure Phakathi kwalawa maprotheni, i-albumin inesisindo samangqamuzana esincane kunazo zonke kanye nokuqukethwe okukhulu kakhulu, okudlala indima enkulu ekugcineni i-plasma colloid osmotic pressure evamile.Lapho ukwakheka kwe-albumin esibindini kuncishisiwe noma kukhishwe ngobuningi kumchamo, okuqukethwe kwe-albhamuin ye-plasma kuncipha, nomfutho we-osmotic we-colloid nawo uyancipha, okuholela edema ye-systemic.
b.I-immune globulin ihlanganisa izingxenye eziningana ezifana ne-a1, a2, β kanye ne-γ, phakathi kwayo i-γ (gamma) globulin iqukethe amasosha omzimba ahlukahlukene, angahlangana nama-antigen (njengamabhaktheriya, amagciwane noma amaprotheni angama-heterologous) ukuze abulale amagciwane.izici zesifo.Uma okuqukethwe kwale immunoglobulin kunganele, amandla omzimba okumelana nesifo ayancipha.Umphelelisi ubuye abe iphrotheni ku-plasma, engahlangana nama-immunoglobulins ukuze asebenze ndawonye kumagciwane noma imizimba yangaphandle, acekele phansi ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana awo, ngaleyo ndlela abe nemiphumela ye-bacteriolytic noma ye-cytolytic.
c.Ezokuthutha Amaprotheni e-Plasma angahlanganiswa nezinto ezihlukahlukene ukuze enze ama-complexes, njengamanye amahomoni, amavithamini, i-Ca2 + ne-Fe2 + angahlanganiswa ne-globulin, izidakamizwa eziningi kanye nama-fatty acids ahlanganiswe ne-albumin futhi ahanjiswe egazini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunama-enzyme amaningi egazini, njengama-proteases, i-lipase nama-transaminase, angathuthelwa kumaseli ezicubu ezihlukahlukene ngokuthuthwa kwe-plasma.
d.I-Coagulation Factors efana ne-fibrinogen ne-thrombin ku-plasma yizingxenye ezibangela ukuhlangana kwegazi.
B. I-nitrogen engeyona amaprotheni
Izinto ezine-nitrogen ngaphandle kwamaprotheni asegazini zibizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi i-non-protein nitrogen.Ikakhulukazi i-urea, ngaphezu kwe-uric acid, i-creatinine, ama-amino acid, ama-peptides, i-ammonia ne-bilirubin.Phakathi kwazo, ama-amino acid nama-polypeptides ayizakhi futhi angabamba iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni amaprotheni ezicubu ezihlukahlukene.Ezinye izinto eziningi ziyimikhiqizo ye-metabolized (imfucuza) yomzimba, futhi iningi lazo lilethwa ezinso ngegazi futhi likhishwe.
C. Izinto eziphilayo ezingenanitrojeni
I-saccharide equkethwe ku-plasma ikakhulukazi i-glucose, ebizwa ngokuthi ushukela wegazi.Okuqukethwe kwayo kuhlobene eduze ne-glucose metabolism.Izinga likashukela egazini labantu abajwayelekile lizinzile, licishe libe ngu-80mg% kuya ku-120mg%.I-Hyperglycemia ibizwa nge-hyperglycemia, noma iphansi kakhulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-hypoglycemia, engaholela ekungasebenzi kahle komzimba.
Izinto ezinamafutha eziqukethwe ku-plasma zibizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi ama-lipids egazi.Kuhlanganisa phospholipids, triglycerides kanye cholesterol.Lezi zinto ziyizinto ezingavuthiwe ezakha izingxenye zamangqamuzana nezinto ezifana namahomoni okwenziwa.Okuqukethwe kwe-lipid yegazi kuhlobene ne-fat metabolism futhi kuphinde kuthinteke okuqukethwe kwamafutha ekudleni.I-lipid yegazi ngokweqile iyingozi emzimbeni.
D. Usawoti Ongaphili
Iningi lezinto ezingaphili ku-plasma zikhona esimweni se-ionic.Phakathi kwama-cations, i-Na+ inokugxila okuphezulu kakhulu, kanye ne-K+, i-Ca2+ ne-Mg2+, njll. Phakathi kwama-anion, i-Cl- iyona kakhulu, i-HCO3- ingeyesibili, ne-HPO42- ne-SO42-, njll. Zonke izinhlobo ze-ion zine imisebenzi yabo ekhethekile yomzimba.Isibonelo, i-NaCl idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni i-plasma crystal osmotic pressure kanye nokugcina umthamo wegazi lomzimba.I-Plasma Ca2+ ihileleke emisebenzini eminingi ebalulekile yomzimba njengokugcina injabulo ye-neuromuscular futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kokuthakazelisa kwemisipha nokufinyela.Kunamanani omkhondo wezakhi ezifana nethusi, insimbi, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-cobalt ne-iodine ku-plasma, okuyizinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo zokwakhiwa kwama-enzyme athile, amavithamini noma amahomoni, noma ahlobene nemisebenzi ethile yomzimba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-16-2022
