Kudziwa za plasma
A. Mapuloteni a Plasma
Mapuloteni a plasma amatha kugawidwa mu albumin (3.8g% ~ 4.8g%), globulin (2.0g% ~ 3.5g%), ndi fibrinogen (0.2g% ~ 0.4g%) ndi zigawo zina.Ntchito zake zazikulu tsopano zikuyambitsidwa motere:
a.Mapangidwe a plasma colloid osmotic pressure Pakati pa mapuloteniwa, albumin ili ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono kwambiri komanso kamene kamakhala kakang'ono kwambiri, komwe kumathandiza kwambiri kuti plasma colloid osmotic ikhale yokhazikika.Pamene kaphatikizidwe ka albumin m'chiwindi kumachepa kapena kutulutsidwa mochuluka mumkodzo, kuchuluka kwa albumin m'madzi a m'magazi kumachepa, ndipo kuthamanga kwa colloid osmotic kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka.
b.Immune globulin imaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo monga a1, a2, β ndi γ, zomwe γ (gamma) globulin imakhala ndi ma antibodies osiyanasiyana, omwe amatha kuphatikiza ndi ma antigen (monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi kapena mapuloteni a heterologous) kuti aphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.matenda zinthu.Ngati zomwe zili mu immunoglobulin iyi ndi zosakwanira, mphamvu ya thupi yolimbana ndi matenda imachepa.Wothandizira nawonso ndi mapuloteni a plasma, omwe amatha kuphatikiza ndi ma immunoglobulins kuti azichita zinthu pamodzi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena matupi akunja, kuwononga kapangidwe ka maselo awo, potero amakhala ndi bacteriolytic kapena cytolytic zotsatira.
c.Mayendedwe Mapuloteni a Plasma akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti apange zovuta, monga mahomoni ena, mavitamini, Ca2 + ndi Fe2 + akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi globulin, mankhwala ambiri ndi mafuta acids amaphatikizidwa ndi albumin ndikutumizidwa m'magazi.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma enzymes ambiri m'magazi, monga ma proteases, lipases ndi transaminases, omwe amatha kutumizidwa ku maselo osiyanasiyana a minofu kudzera mumayendedwe a plasma.
d.Coagulation Zinthu monga fibrinogen ndi thrombin mu plasma ndi zigawo zomwe zimayambitsa magazi coagulation.
B. Nayitrogeni wopanda mapuloteni
Zinthu za nayitrogeni kusiyapo zomanga thupi m'magazi zimatchedwa nayitrogeni wopanda mapuloteni.Makamaka urea, kuwonjezera uric acid, creatinine, amino zidulo, peptides, ammonia ndi bilirubin.Pakati pawo, ma amino acid ndi ma polypeptides ndi michere ndipo amatha kutenga nawo gawo pakupanga mapuloteni osiyanasiyana a minofu.Zina mwazinthuzo ndizopangidwa ndi thupi (zinyalala), ndipo zambiri zimabweretsedwa ku impso ndi magazi ndikuchotsedwa.
C. Zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda nayitrojeni
Saccharide yomwe ili mu plasma ndi glucose, yomwe imatchedwa shuga.Zomwe zili mkati mwake zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi glucose metabolism.Shuga wamagazi mwa anthu abwinobwino ndi wokhazikika, pafupifupi 80mg% mpaka 120mg%.Hyperglycemia imatchedwa hyperglycemia, kapena yotsika kwambiri imatchedwa hypoglycemia, yomwe ingayambitse kusagwira ntchito kwa thupi.
Mafuta omwe ali mu plasma amatchulidwa pamodzi kuti lipids yamagazi.Kuphatikiza ma phospholipids, triglycerides ndi cholesterol.Zinthu izi ndizinthu zomwe zimapanga ma cell ndi zinthu monga mahomoni opangira.Zomwe zili m'magazi a lipid zimagwirizana ndi kagayidwe ka mafuta komanso zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zili muzakudya.Kuchuluka kwa lipid m'magazi kumawononga thupi.
D. Mchere wa Inorganic
Zambiri mwazinthu zomwe zili mu plasma zimakhala mu ionic state.Pakati pa ma cations, Na + ali ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri, komanso K +, Ca2 + ndi Mg2 +, etc. Pakati pa anions, Cl- ndi ambiri, HCO3- ndi yachiwiri, ndi HPO42- ndi SO42-, ndi zina zotero. ntchito zawo zapadera zokhudza thupi.Mwachitsanzo, NaCl imagwira ntchito yofunikira pakusunga kuthamanga kwa plasma crystal osmotic ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa magazi amthupi.Plasma Ca2 + imakhudzidwa ndi ntchito zambiri zofunika za thupi monga kusunga chisangalalo cha neuromuscular ndipo imagwira ntchito yofunikira pakugwirizanitsa kusangalatsa kwa minofu ndi kutsika.Pali kuchuluka kwa zinthu monga mkuwa, chitsulo, manganese, nthaka, cobalt ndi ayodini mu plasma, zomwe ndizofunikira kupanga ma enzymes, mavitamini kapena mahomoni, kapena zokhudzana ndi ntchito zina zathupi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-03-2022
