Ubumenyi kuri plasma
A. Poroteyine
Poroteyine ya plasma irashobora kugabanywamo albumin (3,8g% ~ 4.8g%), globuline (2.0g% ~ 3.5g%), na fibrinogen (0.2g% ~ 0.4g%) nibindi bice.Ibikorwa byayo byingenzi ubu byatangijwe kuburyo bukurikira:
a.Imiterere yumuvuduko wa plasma colloid osmotic Muri izo poroteyine, albumin ifite uburemere buke bwa molekile hamwe n’ibirimo byinshi, bigira uruhare runini mu gukomeza umuvuduko ukabije wa plasma colloid osmotic.Iyo synthesis ya albumin mu mwijima igabanutse cyangwa igasohoka ku bwinshi mu nkari, plasma albumin igabanuka, kandi umuvuduko wa osmotic colloid nawo ugabanuka, bikaviramo uburibwe bwa sisitemu.
b.Immune globuline ikubiyemo ibice byinshi nka a1, a2, β na γ, muri byo γ (gamma) globuline irimo antibodi zitandukanye, zishobora guhuza na antigene (nka bagiteri, virusi cyangwa proteyine za heterologique) kugirango zice virusi.indwara.Niba ibikubiye muri iyi immunoglobuline bidahagije, ubushobozi bwumubiri bwo kurwanya indwara buragabanuka.Kwuzuza kandi ni poroteyine muri plasma, ishobora guhuza na immunoglobuline kugirango ikorere hamwe kuri virusi cyangwa imibiri y’amahanga, isenya imiterere y’uturemangingo twabo, bityo igire ingaruka za bacteriolytic cyangwa cytolytique.
c.Gutwara poroteyine zo mu bwoko bwa Plasma zirashobora guhuzwa nibintu bitandukanye kugirango bibe inganda, nka hormone zimwe na zimwe, vitamine, Ca2 + na Fe2 + zishobora guhuzwa na globuline, ibiyobyabwenge byinshi hamwe na aside irike bihujwe na albumine kandi bigatwarwa mumaraso.
Byongeye kandi, mu maraso harimo imisemburo myinshi, nka protease, lipase na transaminase, zishobora kujyanwa mu ngirabuzimafatizo zitandukanye binyuze mu gutwara plasma.
d.Ibintu bya Coagulation nka fibrinogen na trombine muri plasma nibice bitera amaraso.
B. Azote idafite poroteyine
Ibintu bya azote bitari poroteyine mu maraso hamwe hamwe bita azote idafite poroteyine.Ahanini urea, usibye aside uric, creatinine, aside amine, peptide, ammonia na bilirubin.Muri byo, aside amine na polypeptide ni intungamubiri kandi zishobora kugira uruhare mu guhuza poroteyine zitandukanye.Ibindi bintu bisigaye ahanini ni ibintu byahinduwe (imyanda) yumubiri, kandi ibyinshi bizanwa nimpyiko namaraso bigasohoka.
C. Ibinyabuzima bidafite azote
Sakaride ikubiye muri plasma ahanini ni glucose, bita isukari mu maraso.Ibirimo birimo bifitanye isano ya hafi na glucose metabolism.Isukari mu maraso yabantu basanzwe irahagaze neza, hafi 80mg% kugeza 120mg%.Hyperglycemia yitwa hyperglycemia, cyangwa hasi cyane yitwa hypoglycemia, ishobora gutera imikorere mibi yumubiri.
Ibinure birimo plasma byitwa hamwe na lipide yamaraso.Harimo fosifolipide, triglyceride na cholesterol.Ibi bintu nibikoresho fatizo bigize selile selile nibintu nka hormone synthique.Amaraso ya lipide afitanye isano no guhinduranya ibinure kandi binagira ingaruka kubinure biri mubiryo.Amaraso menshi ya lipide yangiza umubiri.
D. Umunyu udasanzwe
Ibyinshi mubintu bidakoreshwa muri plasma bibaho muburyo bwa ionic.Muri cations, Na + ifite kwibanda cyane, kimwe na K +, Ca2 + na Mg2 +, nibindi. Muri anion, Cl- ni nyinshi, HCO3- ni iya kabiri, na HPO42- na SO42-, nibindi. Ubwoko bwose bwa ion bufite imirimo yihariye ya physiologique.Kurugero, NaCl igira uruhare runini mukubungabunga plasma kristal osmotic no kugumana umuvuduko wamaraso.Plasma Ca2 + igira uruhare mubikorwa byinshi byingenzi bya physiologiya nko gukomeza gushimisha imitsi kandi bigira uruhare runini muguhuza imitsi no kwikuramo.Hariho urugero rwinshi rwibintu nkumuringa, fer, manganese, zinc, cobalt na iyode muri plasma, bikaba ari ibikoresho fatizo bikenewe kugirango habeho imisemburo imwe n'imwe, vitamine cyangwa imisemburo, cyangwa bifitanye isano nimirimo imwe n'imwe ya fiyologiki.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-03-2022
