Ulwazi malunga neplasma
A. Iprotheni yePlasma
Iprotheni ye-Plasma inokwahlulwa ibe yi-albumin (3.8g% ~ 4.8g%), iglobulin (2.0g% ~ 3.5g%), kunye ne-fibrinogen (0.2g% ~ 0.4g%) kunye namanye amacandelo.Imisebenzi yayo ephambili ngoku yaziswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
a.Ukuqulunqwa kwe-plasma colloid osmotic pressure Phakathi kwezi proteni, i-albumin inomlinganiselo omncinci we-molecular kunye nomxholo omkhulu, odlala indima enkulu ekugcineni i-plasma colloid osmotic uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo.Xa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-albumin esibindini kuncitshisiwe okanye kukhutshwe ngobuninzi kumchamo, umxholo we-albumin we-plasma uyancipha, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lwe-colloid luyancipha, olukhokelela kwi-edema ye-systemic.
b.I-immune globulin iquka amacandelo amaninzi afana ne-a1, i-a2, i-β kunye ne-γ, phakathi kwayo i-γ (gamma) i-globulin iqulethe iindidi ze-antibodies, ezinokuthi zidibanise ne-antigens (ezifana neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane okanye iiprotheyini ze-heterologous) ukubulala amagciwane.izifo izifo.Ukuba umxholo wale immunoglobulin ayanelanga, amandla omzimba okumelana nesifo ayancipha.I-Complement nayo iyiprotheni kwiplasma, enokudibanisa kunye ne-immunoglobulins ukuba isebenze kunye kwi-pathogens okanye imizimba yangaphandle, itshabalalise isakhiwo se-membrane yeeseli zabo, ngaloo ndlela ibe nemiphumo ye-bacteriolytic okanye ye-cytolytic.
c.Ukuthutha Iiprotheyini ze-Plasma zinokudibaniswa nezinto ezahlukeneyo zokwenza ii-complexes, ezifana namahomoni athile, iivithamini, i-Ca2 + kunye ne-Fe2 + inokudibaniswa ne-globulin, iziyobisi ezininzi kunye ne-fatty acids zidibene kunye ne-albumin kwaye zihanjiswe egazini.
Ukongezelela, kukho ezininzi i-enzymes egazini, ezifana ne-proteases, i-lipases kunye ne-transaminases, ezinokuthuthelwa kwiiseli zezicubu ezahlukeneyo ngokuthuthwa kwe-plasma.
d.I-Coagulation Factors ezifana ne-fibrinogen kunye ne-thrombin kwi-plasma zizinto ezibangela ukudibanisa kwegazi.
B. Initrogen engeyiyo iprotheni
Izinto ze-nitrogenous ngaphandle kweprotheyini esegazini zibizwa ngokudibeneyo njenge-non-protein nitrogen.Ikakhulu i-urea, ukongeza kwi-uric acid, i-creatinine, i-amino acids, i-peptides, i-ammonia kunye ne-bilirubin.Phakathi kwazo, i-amino acids kunye ne-polypeptides zizondlo kwaye zinokuthatha inxaxheba ekuhlanganiseni iiprotheni ezahlukeneyo zezicubu.Ezinye izinto ubukhulu becala ziimveliso zemetabolized (inkunkuma) yomzimba, kwaye uninzi lwazo ziziswa kwizintso ngegazi kwaye zikhutshiwe.
C. Izinto eziphilayo ezingenanitrogen
I-saccharide equlethwe kwiplasma ikakhulu yiglucose, ebizwa ngokuba yiswekile yegazi.Umxholo wayo uhambelana ngokusondeleyo ne-glucose metabolism.Umxholo weswekile yegazi labantu abaqhelekileyo uzinzile, malunga ne-80mg% ukuya kwi-120mg%.I-Hyperglycemia ibizwa ngokuba yi-hyperglycemia, okanye ephantsi kakhulu ibizwa ngokuba yi-hypoglycemia, enokukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle komzimba.
Izinto ezinamafutha aqulethwe kwiplasma zibizwa ngokudibeneyo njenge lipids zegazi.Kubandakanya i-phospholipids, i-triglycerides kunye ne-cholesterol.Ezi zinto ziyimathiriyeli ekrwada ezenza amacandelo eselula kunye nezinto ezinjengeehomoni zokwenziwa.Umxholo we-lipid wegazi unxulumene nemetabolism yamafutha kunye nokuchatshazelwa ngumxholo wamafutha ekudleni.Ukugqithisa i-lipid yegazi kuyingozi emzimbeni.
D. Iityuwa ezingaphiliyo
Uninzi lwezinto ezingaphiliyo kwiplasma zikhona kwimeko ye-ionic.Phakathi kwee-cations, i-Na + ineyona nto iphezulu yoxinaniso, kunye ne-K +, i-Ca2 + kunye ne-Mg2 +, njl. imisebenzi yabo ekhethekileyo yomzimba.Ngokomzekelo, i-NaCl idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni i-plasma crystal osmotic uxinzelelo kunye nokugcina umthamo wegazi lomzimba.I-Plasma Ca2 + ibandakanyeka kwimisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo ye-physiological efana nokugcina i-neuromuscular excitability kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudibaniseni i-excitation ye-muscle kunye ne-contraction.Kukho umkhondo wezinto ezifana nobhedu, isinyithi, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-cobalt kunye ne-iodine kwi-plasma, eyimfuneko yezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokwenziwa kwee-enzymes ezithile, iivithamini okanye iihomoni, okanye ezinxulumene nemisebenzi ethile yomzimba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-03-2022
