1 、 Niki Kumenyekanisha Byihariye Byibikoresho byubuvuzi?
Kumenyekanisha Byihariye Ibikoresho byubuvuzi Bigizwe no Kumenyekanisha Ibicuruzwa no Kumenyekanisha Umusaruro.Kumenyekanisha Ibicuruzwa ni Kode idasanzwe yo kumenya uwiyandikishije / Fayili, Icyitegererezo, Ibisobanuro hamwe nububiko bwibikoresho byubuvuzi.N "" Ijambo ryibanze "Kubona Amakuru Yingenzi Yibikoresho Byubuvuzi Biturutse Mububiko, Kandi Nibice Byingenzi Byiranga Byihariye.Kumenyekanisha Umusaruro Harimo Amakuru ajyanye nigikorwa cyumusaruro, Harimo nimero yumusaruro wibicuruzwa, inomero yumubare nitariki yumusaruro nigihe cyigihe cyo kurangiriraho, Etc. Gukoresha Ibikoresho byubuvuzi.
Ihame ryihariye, rihamye kandi ryagutse.Umwihariko Nihame Yambere, Ishingiro ryo Kumenya neza Ibicuruzwa, Namahame Yibanze Yumurimo wo Kumenyekanisha Byihariye.Bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwibikoresho byubuvuzi, Umwihariko Uzahuza Nibisabwa Kumenyekanisha Ibicuruzwa.Kubikoresho byubuvuzi hamwe nibiranga kimwe, umwihariko uzerekana ingingo imwe nibicuruzwa byicyitegererezo;Kubicuruzwa bigenzurwa nu musaruro wibyiciro, umwihariko uzerekana icyerekezo kimwe cyibicuruzwa;Kubikoresho byubuvuzi bigenzurwa numubare wumusaruro, umwihariko uzerekana ingingo imwe.
Kwihagararaho Bisobanura ko Igihe Kumenyekanisha Byihariye Byoherejwe Mubikoresho Byubuvuzi, Igihe cyose Ibiranga Shingiro Byahindutse, Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bigomba kuguma bidahindutse.Iyo kugurisha no gukoresha ibikoresho byubuvuzi bihagaritswe, Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa ntibizakoreshwa mubindi bikoresho byubuvuzi;Iyo Kugurisha no Gukoresha Byasubukuwe, Kumenyekanisha Ibicuruzwa Byumwimerere Birashobora gukoreshwa.
Kwaguka bivuga ko Kumenyekanisha Byihariye Bikwiye Guhuza Ibisabwa Amabwiriza Niterambere Rikomeza Ryimikorere Ifatika.Ijambo "Unique" ntabwo risobanura ko Imibare ikurikirana yumusaruro umwe ikorwa.Mu Kumenyekanisha Byihariye, Kumenyekanisha Umusaruro Birashobora gukoreshwa Hamwe noguhuza ibicuruzwa kugirango ugere ku mwihariko winzego eshatu: Ibisobanuro, Icyitegererezo, Icyiciro hamwe nigicuruzwa kimwe, kugirango rero wuzuze ibisabwa hamwe nigihe kizaza kubikoresho byubuvuzi Kumenya ibisabwa.
2 、 Kuki Kubaka Sisitemu Yihariye Yiranga Ibikoresho Byubuvuzi?
Ubuhanga bwubuvuzi, ibiyobyabwenge nibikoresho byubuvuzi ninkingi eshatu za sisitemu yubuvuzi.Ibikoresho byubuvuzi Harimo Ijwi, Umucyo, Amashanyarazi, Magnetisme, Ishusho, Ibikoresho, Ubukanishi hamwe na disipuline yumwuga hafi ijana.Bazwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga Inganda zikorana buhanga-buhanga, hamwe nibiranga ubuhanga buhanitse-buhanga, Interdisciplinary, Kwishyira hamwe no Kwishyira hamwe, kandi bagahagararira imbaraga zuzuye zigihugu cya tekinoroji.Mumyaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zikoreshwa mubuvuzi, tekinolojiya mishya nibicuruzwa biva mumigezi itagira iherezo, kandi ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nibigoye bigenda bitera imbere.Nta Kode Cyangwa Ikintu kimwe gifite Kode nyinshi mu kuzenguruka no gukoresha ibikoresho byubuvuzi, bigira ingaruka zikomeye Kumenyekanisha neza ibikoresho byubuvuzi mugukora, kuzenguruka no gukoresha ibikoresho byubuvuzi, kandi biragoye kugera kubigenzuzi no kuyobora neza.
Kumenyekanisha Ibikoresho Byihariye (UDI) Nindangamuntu Yibikoresho byubuvuzi.Sisitemu Yihariye yo Kumenyekanisha Ibikoresho byubuvuzi Igizwe no Kumenyekanisha Byihariye, Gutwara Data na Data base.Guha buri gikoresho cyubuvuzi Ikarita ndangamuntu, Kumenya gukorera mu mucyo no kubona amashusho yumusaruro, imikorere nogukoresha, no kunoza uburyo bwibicuruzwa nurufunguzo rwo guhanga udushya two kugenzura ibikoresho byubuvuzi no kunoza imikorere yubugenzuzi.Bizagira uruhare runini mugukurikiza byimazeyo umurongo wo hasi wumutekano wibikoresho byubuvuzi no gufasha iterambere ryiza-ryiza ryinganda zubuvuzi.Kubwibyo, Kubaka Sisitemu Yihariye Yiranga Ibikoresho Byubuvuzi Mubushinwa Birakenewe byihutirwa.
Kumenyekanisha Byihariye Byibikoresho byubuvuzi Nibintu byibanze kandi bishyushye murwego rwo kugenzura ibikoresho mpuzamahanga byubuvuzi.Muri 2013, Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga ryita ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi (Imdrf) ryasohoye ubuyobozi bwa sisitemu yihariye yo kumenyekanisha ibikoresho byubuvuzi.Muri uwo mwaka umwe, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zasohoye amabwiriza yerekeye uburyo budasanzwe bwo kumenyekanisha ibikoresho byubuvuzi, busaba ko hashyirwa mu bikorwa byuzuye sisitemu yihariye yo kumenyekanisha ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi mu myaka 7.Muri 2017, Amategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yasabye ko hashyirwa mu bikorwa umwirondoro wihariye w’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi.Ubuyapani, Ositaraliya, Arijantineya n’ibindi bihugu na byo byakoze imirimo ifatika, kandi Kumenyekanisha ku isi hose ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi Byatejwe imbere.
Mu mwaka wa 2012, Inama ya Leta yasohoye gahunda y’igihugu ishinzwe umutekano w’ibiyobyabwenge muri gahunda y’imyaka 12 y’imyaka itanu, yahamagariye "Gutangiza Kode y’igihugu ihuriweho n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bifite ibyago byinshi".Mu mwaka wa 2016, Inama ya Leta yasohoye gahunda y’imyaka 13 y’imyaka itanu y’umutekano w’ibiyobyabwenge by’igihugu, isaba "Kubaka uburyo bwo kuvura ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi no gushyiraho amategeko agenga ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi".Muri 2019, Ibiro Bikuru by'Inama ya Leta byasohoye Inshingano z'ingenzi zo kurushaho kunoza ivugurura rya gahunda y’ubuvuzi n’ubuzima muri 2019, risaba "Gushiraho amategeko agenga uburyo bwihariye bwo kumenyekanisha ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi", byemejwe kandi byemejwe na Inama ya munani ya komite nkuru ishinzwe iterambere ryimbitse.Muri "Gahunda yo kuvugurura uburyo bwo kuvura ibikoreshwa mu buvuzi bifite agaciro gakomeye" Yatanzwe n’ibiro Bikuru by’Inama y’igihugu, Bishyira imbere "Gushiraho uburyo bwihariye bwo kumenyekanisha ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi" Amategeko ahuriweho ". Muri Nyakanga 2019, ibiryo bya Leta Ubuyobozi bushinzwe ibiyobyabwenge, hamwe na komisiyo yigihugu yubuzima n’ubuzima, bafatanyije hamwe gahunda y’akazi ya Pilote ya Sisitemu idasanzwe yo Kumenyekanisha Ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, byerekana intangiriro y’iyubakwa rya sisitemu yihariye yo kumenyekanisha ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi mu Bushinwa.
3 、 Ni ubuhe butumwa bwo kubaka sisitemu yihariye iranga ibikoresho byubuvuzi?
Binyuze mu Gushiraho Sisitemu Yihariye Yiranga Ibikoresho Byubuvuzi, Ifasha Kwishyira hamwe no Gusangira Amakuru Yagenga, Guhanga udushya twerekana amabwiriza, Kunoza imikorere yubuyobozi, Gushimangira imiyoborere yubuzima bwibikoresho byubuvuzi, Kwezwa kwa Isoko, Gukwirakwiza Ibidukikije mu bucuruzi, Guhuza Amabwiriza ya Leta n’imiyoborere Myiza, Gushiraho Imiterere y’imiyoborere Myiza, Guteza Imbere Guhindura Inganda, Kuzamura Iterambere Ryiza, no Gutanga Ibindi byinshi Tuzongera serivisi z’ubuvuzi zifite umutekano kandi zinoze. Kandi Uzamure Imyumvire Yabantu Yokugera.
Duhereye ku nganda Zireba, Kubakora ibikoresho byubuvuzi, Gukoresha Ikirangantego kidasanzwe Bifasha kuzamura urwego rwimicungire yamakuru yimishinga, Gushiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibicuruzwa, Gushimangira inganda Kwigenga, Kunoza imikorere yubuyobozi bukora neza, no guteza imbere imiyoborere myiza- Iterambere ryiza ryinganda zubuvuzi.Kubikoresho byubuvuzi Ibigo byubucuruzi, Gukoresha Kumenyekanisha Byihariye Birashobora Gushiraho Sisitemu Yigezweho ya Logistique, Kandi Kumenya Gukorera mu mucyo, Kubona no Kumenyekanisha Urwego rwo gutanga ibikoresho byubuvuzi.Ku bigo byubuvuzi, Gukoresha Kumenyekanisha Byihariye Bifasha Kugabanya Amakosa Yibikoresho, Kunoza urwego rwimicungire y’ibikoreshwa mu bitaro, no kubungabunga umutekano w’abarwayi.
Duhereye ku micungire ya Guverinoma, Kugenzura Ibikoresho byUbuvuzi, Gukoresha Indangamuntu Yihariye Birashobora Kubaka Amakuru Makuru yo Kugenzura Ibikoresho by’Ubuvuzi, Kumenya Inkomoko y’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bishobora kugenzurwa, Intego irashobora gukurikiranwa, Inshingano zirashobora Iperereza, Kandi Umenye Ubugenzuzi Bwenge.Ishami rishinzwe ubuzima, Gukoresha Kumenyekanisha Byihariye Birashobora Gushimangira Imiyoborere Myiza y’imyitwarire y’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, Guteza imbere ishyirwaho ry’ubuvuzi bukomeye, Kunoza imikorere y’imicungire y’ubuzima, no gufasha ingamba z’ubuzima Ubushinwa.Ishami ryubwishingizi bwubuvuzi, rifasha kumenya neza ibikoresho byubuvuzi mugutanga amasoko, guteza imbere gukorera mu mucyo, no kurwanya uburiganya no guhohoterwa.
Uhereye Kubireba Rubanda, Binyuze mu Kumenyekanisha Amakuru no Guhana amakuru, Abaguzi barashobora gukoresha no gusobanukirwa ibyo kurya byoroshye, kandi bakarinda neza uburenganzira bwemewe ninyungu zabaguzi.
4 、 Ni ayahe Mahame yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Kumenyekanisha Byihariye By’ubuvuzi?
Amategeko Yuburyo Bwihariye bwo Kumenyekanisha Ibikoresho byubuvuzi (Nyuma bikurikira bivugwa nkaya mategeko) Bisaba ko iyubakwa rya sisitemu yihariye iranga bigomba kwigira byimazeyo mubipimo mpuzamahanga kandi bigakurikiza amahame yubuyobozi bwa leta, ishyirwa mubikorwa ryibigo, kuzamura muri rusange no gushyira mubikorwa.Mu rwego rwo kurushaho guteza imbere ihanahana n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, no kunoza ibidukikije by’ubucuruzi, iyubakwa rya sisitemu yihariye yo kumenyekanisha Ubushinwa ikura amasomo ku mahame yemewe n’amahanga.Gushiraho uburyo budasanzwe bwo kumenyekanisha, Guverinoma igira uruhare runini, uwiyandikishije / wandika nkumuntu wambere ubishinzwe ashinzwe kubishyira mubikorwa, kandi agashyira mubikorwa umwirondoro wihariye kugirango azamure ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa nu rwego rwo gucunga imishinga.Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye nuburemere bwibikoresho byubuvuzi, Gushyira mubikorwa Kumenyekanisha Byihariye Intambwe ku yindi ni imyitozo yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga.Ibikoresho byubuvuzi byubushinwa bicungwa ukurikije urwego rwibyago.Hashingiwe ku Bunararibonye Bufatika bwo Kumenyekanisha Mpuzamahanga Yihariye, Bifatanije n’imiterere nyayo y’inganda zikoreshwa mu buvuzi n’ubuvuzi mu Bushinwa, Hashyizweho Politiki yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Intambwe ku yindi.Ugereranije na Amerika n'Uburayi, Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'irangamuntu idasanzwe mu Bushinwa ryongereye Umuyoboro wa Pilote, Ahanini Bimwe mu Bikoresho By’ubuvuzi Byihuta cyane / Ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byifashishwa, hamwe n’igifuniko gito, kugira ngo Amategeko atere imbere.
5 、 Nigute Twamenya Kwegeranya no Gusangira Amakuru Yihariye Yiranga?
Ikusanyamakuru hamwe no Gusangira Kumenyekanisha Byihariye By’ibikoresho by’Ubuvuzi bigerwaho binyuze mu bubiko bwihariye bwo kumenyekanisha ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, butegurwa kandi bwubatswe n’ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ibiyobyabwenge.Uwiyandikishije / Ufata amajwi Yerekana Ibicuruzwa Kumenyekanisha hamwe namakuru ajyanye namakuru yihariye yihariye kububikoshingiro akurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nibisobanuro, kandi ashinzwe kubwukuri no kudasanzwe kwamakuru.Ibikoresho byubuvuzi Ibigo byubucuruzi, ibigo byubuvuzi, amashami ya leta bireba kandi abaturage barashobora gusangira amakuru yihariye akoresheje Ikibazo, Gukuramo, Docking Data nubundi buryo.
6 、 Ese ibicuruzwa byashyizwe ku rutonde mbere yo gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko bigomba guhabwa umwirondoro wihariye?
Kuva Itariki yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Amategeko, Uwiyandikishije / Filer Azatanga Ibiranga Ibicuruzwa byayo Kwiyandikisha / Sisitemu yo gucunga dosiye mugihe usaba kwiyandikisha, guhindura kwiyandikisha cyangwa gutanga ibikoresho byubuvuzi bijyanye.Ibicuruzwa bijyanye nubuvuzi bujyanye nibisabwa bizahabwa umwirondoro wihariye mugihe cyumusaruro, hamwe no kohereza ibicuruzwa byihariye biranga ibicuruzwa hamwe namakuru ajyanye nibikoresho byubuvuzi bizuzuzwa mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bishyirwa ku isoko.
Ibikoresho byubuvuzi byakozwe kandi bigurishwa mbere yitariki yo gushyira mu bikorwa ayo mategeko ntibishobora kuba bifite umwirondoro wihariye wibikoresho byubuvuzi.
7 、 Nigute ushobora guhitamo amakuru yihariye yo gutwara ibikoresho byubuvuzi?
Kugeza ubu, Abatwara Amakuru Rusange Ku Isoko Harimo Kode imwe-imwe, Kode-ebyiri-na Kode ya Radio Frequency Tag (RFID).
Kode imwe yikigereranyo ni kode yikimenyetso Ikimenyetso cyerekana gusa amakuru muburyo bumwe.Yakoreshejwe Imyaka myinshi kandi Ifite Igiciro gito.Irashobora guhuzwa neza nibikoresho biriho byo Gusikana Kode iriho ku isoko, ariko Kode imwe-imwe ifata umwanya munini kandi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukosora ibyangiritse.
Kode ebyiri Ibipimo Nibimenyetso Kode Ikimenyetso kigaragaza amakuru mubyerekezo-bibiri.Ugereranije na Kode imwe-imwe, Umwanya umwe urashobora kwakira amakuru menshi, ashobora kugira uruhare rwiza mugihe ipaki yubunini bwibikoresho bigarukira.Ifite Ubushobozi Bumwe bwo Gukosora Ubushobozi, Ariko Ibisabwa Kubikoresho byo Gusoma Birarenze Kode imwe.
Ikirangantego cya RFID gifite Imikorere yo Kubika Amakuru, Irashobora Kwakira Ikimenyetso cya Electromagnetic Modulation Ikimenyetso cyumusomyi hanyuma igasubira mubatwara amakuru yikimenyetso gihuye.Ugereranije na Kode imwe-imwe na Kode-ebyiri-Igipimo, Igiciro cyabatwara nigikoresho cyo gusoma Igiciro cya RFID Tag kiri hejuru, ariko Umuvuduko wo gusoma wa RFID urihuta, urashobora kugera kubisomwa, kandi birashobora kugira uruhare mubice bimwe na bimwe.
Uwiyandikishije / Ufata amajwi arashobora guhitamo uburyo bwihariye bwo kumenyekanisha amakuru yihariye yo gutwara ibikoresho byubuvuzi Ukurikije Ibiranga, Agaciro, Ibyingenzi Byakoreshejwe hamwe nibindi bintu byibicuruzwa.
Uwiyandikishije / Ufata amajwi arashobora guhitamo uburyo bwihariye bwo kumenyekanisha amakuru yihariye yo gutwara ibikoresho byubuvuzi Ukurikije Ibiranga, Agaciro, Ibyingenzi Byakoreshejwe hamwe nibindi bintu byibicuruzwa.
8 、 Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'impamyabushobozi Ikigo gitanga Kode gikeneye, kandi ni izihe nshingano n'inshingano zacyo?
Kode itanga ikigo cyihariye kimenyekanisha igikoresho kizaba gifite ubuzimagatozi muntara yUbushinwa, hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga neza na sisitemu yo gukora, kugirango hamenyekane umwihariko wihariye wihariye wibikoresho byubuvuzi byakozwe bihuje nubuziranenge bwacyo, Kandi Wuzuze Ibisabwa Byumutekano Wamakuru Mubushinwa.
Ikigo gitanga kode izatanga abiyandikisha / bafite inyandiko hamwe nuburyo bwo gushyira mubikorwa ibipimo ngenderwaho no kuyobora ishyirwa mubikorwa.Mu rwego rwo korohereza abiyandikisha / Ufite inyandiko kugira ngo amenye Kode ngenderwaho ya Kode Itanga Ikigo Cy’amashyaka bireba Guhitamo cyangwa Gusaba, Ikigo gitanga Kode kizashyiraho kodegisi yacyo ku bubiko bwihariye bwo kumenyekanisha ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi kandi bikomeze bikomeze.Mbere ya 31 Mutarama Buri mwaka, Ikigo gishinzwe gutanga kizashyikiriza SDA Raporo yumwaka ushize ku Kumenyekanisha kihariye kakozwe mu buryo buhuje n’ubuziranenge bwacyo.
9 、 Nubuhe buryo bwo kwiyandikisha / Fayili yo Gushyira mubikorwa Kumenyekanisha Byihariye?
Inzira Yiyandikisha / Fayili yo Gushyira mubikorwa Kumenyekanisha Byihariye Nibikurikira:
Intambwe ya 1: Uwiyandikishije / Filer Azahitamo Kode Itanga Ikigo Ukurikije Amategeko Nubuziranenge Bifitanye isano Nukuri Kumurimo.
Intambwe ya 2: Umuntu wiyandikishije / Fayili akora Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa akurikije amahame yumuryango utanga kandi akanagena ibice bigize ibicuruzwa biranga ibicuruzwa.
Intambwe ya 3: Guhera Itariki Yashyizwe mubikorwa Amategeko, Niba Usaba Kwiyandikisha, Guhindura Kwiyandikisha Cyangwa Gutanga Ibikoresho byubuvuzi, Uwiyandikishije / Uwiyandikishije Azatanga Ibiranga Ibicuruzwa Muri Sisitemu yo Kwiyandikisha / Gutanga dosiye.
Intambwe ya 4: Uwiyandikishije / Ufata amajwi azahitamo gutwara amakuru akwiranye ukurikije amahame yikigo cya Coding, hanyuma uhe igikoresho cyubuvuzi ikintu cyihariye cyo kumenyekanisha amakuru yihariye kugurishwa ntarengwa hamwe n’ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwa muganga.
Intambwe ya 5: Uwiyandikishije / Ufata amajwi azashyiraho ibicuruzwa biranga ibicuruzwa namakuru ajyanye nububiko bwihariye bwo kumenyekanisha ububiko bwibikoresho byubuvuzi mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bishyirwa ku isoko.
Intambwe ya 6: Iyo Kumenyekanisha Ibicuruzwa hamwe namakuru ajyanye namakuru ahinduka, uwiyandikishije / Ufata amajwi azavugurura ububiko bwihariye bwo kumenyekanisha ububiko bwibikoresho byubuvuzi mugihe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2019
