Ka'idoji na asali masu alaƙa da haɓakawar coagulation

Ka'idar anticoagulant da aikace-aikacen maganin rigakafi na gama gari

1. Heparin shine maganin da aka fi so don gano abubuwan sinadaran jini.Heparin mucopolysaccharide ne wanda ke dauke da rukunin sulfate, kuma matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta na lokacin da aka watsar shine 15000. Ka'idodin rigakafinsa shine yafi haɗuwa da antithrombin III don haifar da canje-canje a cikin daidaitawar antithrombin III kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar hadaddun thrombin thrombin don samar da maganin hana haihuwa. .Bugu da ƙari, heparin na iya hana thrombin tare da taimakon plasma cofactor (heparin cofactor II).Maganganun heparin na yau da kullun sune sodium, potassium, lithium da ammonium salts na heparin, daga cikinsu lithium heparin shine mafi kyau, amma farashinsa yana da tsada.Sodium da potassium salts za su kara abun ciki na sodium da potassium a cikin jini, kuma ammonium salts zai kara abun ciki na urea nitrogen.Matsakaicin adadin heparin don maganin jijiyoyi yawanci shine 10.0 - 12.5 IU/ml.Heparin yana da ƙarancin tsangwama tare da abubuwan da ke cikin jini, baya shafar adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, kuma baya haifar da hemolysis.Ya dace da gwajin haɓakar ƙwayar sel, iskar jini, ƙarancin plasma, hematocrit da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin halitta.Koyaya, heparin yana da tasirin antithrombin kuma bai dace da gwajin coagulation na jini ba.Bugu da kari, wuce kima heparin na iya haifar da leukocyte aggregation da thrombocytopenia, don haka bai dace da leukocyte rarrabẽwa da platelet kirga, ko don hemostasis gwajin Bugu da kari, heparin anticoagulation ba za a iya amfani da su sa jini smears, saboda duhu blue baya bayyana bayan Wright tabo. , wanda ke rinjayar raguwar samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.Ya kamata a yi amfani da maganin rigakafi na Heparin na ɗan gajeren lokaci, in ba haka ba jinin zai iya yin coagulation bayan an sanya shi na dogon lokaci.

2. gishiri EDTA.EDTA na iya haɗawa da Ca2 + a cikin jini don samar da chelate.An toshe tsarin coagulation kuma jini ba zai iya daidaita gishirin EDTA ya haɗa da potassium, sodium da gishirin lithium ba.Kwamitin Ma'auni na Hematology na Duniya ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da EDTA-K2, wanda ke da mafi girman solubility kuma mafi sauri maganin rigakafi.EDTA gishiri yawanci ana shirya shi cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa tare da juzu'i na 15%.Ƙara 1.2mgEDTA a kowace ml na jini, wato, ƙara 0.04ml na 15% EDTA bayani a kowace 5ml na jini.EDTA gishiri za a iya bushe a 100 ℃, da anticoagulation sakamako ya kasance ba canzawa EDTA gishiri ba ya shafar farin jini count da kuma girman, yana da mafi ƙarancin tasiri a kan ilimin halittar jiki na jajayen jini, hana platelet tarawa, kuma ya dace da general hematological. ganowa.Idan maida hankali na anticoagulant ya yi yawa, matsa lamba na osmotic zai tashi, wanda zai haifar da raguwar kwayar halitta pH na maganin EDTA yana da dangantaka mai kyau tare da salts, kuma ƙananan pH na iya haifar da fadada tantanin halitta.EDTA-K2 na iya ɗan faɗaɗa ƙarar ƙwayoyin jajayen jini, kuma matsakaicin ƙarar platelet a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan tarin jini yana da matukar rashin kwanciyar hankali kuma yana da ƙarfi bayan rabin sa'a.EDTA-K2 ya rage Ca2+, Mg2+, creatine kinase da alkaline phosphatase.Mafi kyawun maida hankali na EDTA-K2 shine 1.5mg/ml jini.Idan akwai kadan jini, neutrophils za su kumbura, lobulate kuma bace, platelets za su kumbura da tarwatse, samar da gutsuttsura na al'ada platelets, wanda zai haifar da kurakurai a cikin sakamakon bincike EDTA salts na iya hana ko tsoma baki tare da polymerization na fibrin monomers a lokacin samuwar. na fibrin clots, wanda bai dace da gano coagulation na jini da aikin platelet ba, ko don ƙaddarar calcium, potassium, sodium da nitrogenous abubuwa.Bugu da ƙari, EDTA na iya rinjayar ayyukan wasu enzymes kuma ya hana ƙwayar lupus erythematosus, don haka bai dace da yin gyare-gyare na histochemical da kuma nazarin jinin jini na ƙwayoyin lupus erythematosus ba.

3. Citrate yafi sodium citrate.Ka'idar rigakafinta shine yana iya haɗuwa da Ca2 + a cikin jini don samar da chelate, ta yadda Ca2 + ya rasa aikin coagulation kuma an toshe tsarin coagulation, don haka yana hana coagulation jini.Sodium citrate yana da nau'ikan lu'ulu'u guda biyu, Na3C6H5O7 · 2H2O da 2Na3C6H5O7 · 11H2O, yawanci 3.8% ko 3 tare da tsohon.Maganin ruwa na 2%, gauraye da jini a cikin ƙarar 1:9.Yawancin gwaje-gwajen coagulation na iya zama anticoagulated tare da sodium citrate, wanda ke taimakawa ga kwanciyar hankali na factor V da factor VIII, kuma yana da tasiri kadan akan matsakaicin adadin platelet da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, don haka ana iya amfani dashi don nazarin aikin platelet.Sodium citrate yana da ƙarancin cytotoxicity kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da ruwa mai kula da jini a cikin ƙarin jini.Duk da haka, sodium citrate 6mg na iya hana 1ml jini, wanda yake da karfi alkaline, kuma bai dace da nazarin jini da gwajin kwayoyin halitta ba.