Nā manaʻo kumu e pili ana i ka hoʻoikaika coagulation

ʻO ka loina Anticoagulant a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā anticoagulants maʻamau

1. ʻO Heparin ka anticoagulant i makemake ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano kemika koko.ʻO ka Heparin kahi mucopolysaccharide i loaʻa i ka pūʻulu sulfate, a ʻo ka awelika molecular paona o ka māhele i hoʻopuehu ʻia ʻo 15000. ʻO kāna kumu anticoagulation ka mea nui e hui pū me ka antithrombin III e hoʻololi i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka antithrombin III a wikiwiki i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka thrombin thrombin complex e hana i ka anticoagulation .Eia kekahi, hiki i ka heparin ke kāohi i ka thrombin me ke kōkua o ka cofactor plasma (heparin cofactor II).ʻO nā anticoagulants heparin maʻamau ka sodium, potassium, lithium a me nā paʻakai ammonium o ka heparin, ma waena o ka lithium heparin ka mea maikaʻi loa, akā ke kumu kūʻai.ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai a me ka paʻakai e hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka sodium a me ka potassium i loko o ke koko, a ʻo nā paʻakai ammonium e hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka urea nitrogen.ʻO ka nui o ka heparin no ka anticoagulation maʻamau he 10. 0 ~ 12.5 IU/ml koko.ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ʻo Heparin i nā ʻāpana koko, ʻaʻole pili i ka nui o nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka hemolysis.He kūpono ia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka cell permeability, ke kinoea koko, ka permeability plasma, hematocrit a me ka hoʻoholo biochemical maʻamau.Eia nō naʻe, he hopena antithrombin ka heparin a ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko.Eia kekahi, hiki i ka heparin nui ke hoʻoulu i ka leukocyte aggregation a me ka thrombocytopenia, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka helu leukocyte a me ka helu platelet, ʻaʻole no ka hoʻāʻo hemostasis Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka heparin anticoagulation e hana i ke koko, no ka mea, ʻike ʻia ka ʻulaʻula uliuli ma hope o ke kala ʻana o Wright. , e pili ana i ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka hana microscopic.Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka Heparin anticoagulation no ka manawa pōkole, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke coagulate ke koko ma hope o ka waiho ʻana no ka lōʻihi loa.

2. EDTA paʻakai.Hiki iā EDTA ke hui pū me Ca2+ i loko o ke koko e hana i kahi chelate.Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kaʻina hana coagulation a ʻaʻole hiki i ke koko ke coagulate i nā paʻakai EDTA e komo pū me nā paʻakai potassium, sodium a me nā lithium.Paipai ka International Hematology Standardization Committee i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā EDTA-K2, nona ka solubility kiʻekiʻe a me ka wikiwiki anticoagulation wikiwiki.Hoʻomākaukau mau ʻia ka paʻakai EDTA i loko o kahi wai wai me ka hapa nui o 15%.Hoʻohui i ka 1.2mgEDTA no ka ml o ke koko, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻohui i 0.04ml o 15% solution EDTA no 5ml o ke koko.Hiki ke hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ka paʻakai EDTA ma 100 ℃, a ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia kona hopena anticoagulation, ʻaʻole pili ka paʻakai EDTA i ka helu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka nui, he hopena liʻiliʻi loa ia i ka morphology o nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, pale i ka platelet aggregation, a kūpono no ka hematological maʻamau. ʻike maka.Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka manaʻo o ka anticoagulant, e piʻi ka osmotic pressure, kahi e hoʻemi ai i ka cell He pilina nui ka pH o ka solution EDTA me nā paʻakai, a hiki i ka pH haʻahaʻa ke hoʻonui i ka cell.Hiki i ka EDTA-K2 ke hoʻonui iki i ka nui o ke koko ʻulaʻula, a ʻo ka awelika platelet volume i ka manawa pōkole ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili koko ʻaʻole paʻa a paʻa i ka paʻa ma hope o ka hapalua hola.Ua emi iho ka EDTA-K2 i ka Ca2+, Mg2+, creatine kinase a me ka alkaline phosphatase.ʻO ka manaʻo maikaʻi loa o EDTA-K2 he 1. 5mg / ml koko.Inā he liʻiliʻi ke koko, e pehu nā neutrophils, lobulate a nalowale, e pehu nā platelets a hemo, e hana ana i nā ʻāpana o nā platelets maʻamau, e alakaʻi i nā hewa i ka hopena o ka nānā ʻana. ʻO nā fibrin clots, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka coagulation koko a me ka hana platelet, ʻaʻole no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka calcium, potassium, sodium a me nā mea nitrogenous.Eia hou, hiki i ka EDTA ke hoʻopili i ka hana o kekahi mau enzymes a keʻakeʻa i ka lupus erythematosus factor, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i ka histochemical staining a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe koko o nā cell lupus erythematosus.

3. ʻO ka citrate ka nui o ka sodium citrate.ʻO kāna kumu anticoagulation hiki iā ia ke hui pū me Ca2 + i loko o ke koko e hana i kahi chelate, no laila e nalowale ʻo Ca2 + i kāna hana coagulation a paʻa ke kaʻina hana coagulation, pēlā e pale ai i ka coagulation koko.ʻElua ʻano kristal ka Sodium citrate, Na3C6H5O7 · 2H2O a me 2Na3C6H5O7 · 11H2O, maʻamau 3.8% a i ʻole 3 me ka mea mua.2% wai wai, hui pū ʻia me ke koko i ka nui 1:9.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hoʻokolohua coagulation hiki ke anticoagulated me ka sodium citrate, he mea kōkua i ka paʻa o ka helu V a me ka helu VIII, a he liʻiliʻi ka hopena i ka nui o ka platelet a me nā mea coagulation ʻē aʻe, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ka hana platelet.ʻO ka sodium citrate ka liʻiliʻi o ka cytotoxicity a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ka wai mālama koko i ke kahe koko.Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka sodium citrate 6mg ke anticoagulate i ke koko 1ml, he alkaline ikaika, a ʻaʻole kūpono no ka nānā ʻana i ke koko a me nā hoʻokolohua biochemical.