Imiqondo eyisisekelo ehlobene nokukhuthazwa kwe-coagulation

Isimiso se-Anticoagulant kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-anticoagulants avamile

1. I-Heparin iyi-anticoagulant ekhethwayo yokuthola ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali egazi.I-Heparin iyinhlangano ye-mucopolysaccharide equkethe iqembu le-sulfate, futhi isilinganiso sesisindo samangqamuzana esigaba esihlakazekile singu-15000. Umgomo wayo we-anticoagulation ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganisa ne-antithrombin III ukuze kubangele izinguquko ekumisweni kwe-antithrombin III futhi kusheshiswe ukwakheka kwe-thrombin thrombin complex ukukhiqiza i-anticoagulation. .Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-heparin ingavimbela i-thrombin ngosizo lwe-plasma cofactor (i-heparin cofactor II).I-heparin anticoagulants evamile yi-sodium, i-potassium, i-lithium ne-ammonium usawoti we-heparin, phakathi kwayo i-lithium heparin ehamba phambili, kodwa intengo yayo iyabiza.Usawoti we-sodium ne-potassium uzokwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-sodium ne-potassium egazini, futhi usawoti we-ammonium uzokwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-urea nitrogen.Umthamo we-heparin we-anticoagulation uvame ukuba ngu-10. 0 ~ 12.5 IU/ml igazi.I-Heparin inokuphazamiseka okuncane ezingxenyeni zegazi, ayithinti umthamo wamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, futhi ayibangeli i-hemolysis.Ilungele ukuhlolwa kokungena kwamangqamuzana, igesi yegazi, i-plasma permeability, i-hematocrit kanye nokuzimisela okuvamile kwe-biochemical.Kodwa-ke, i-heparin inomphumela we-antithrombin futhi ayifanele ukuhlolwa kwe-coagulation yegazi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-heparin eyeqile ingabangela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-leukocyte kanye ne-thrombocytopenia, ngakho-ke ayifaneleki ukuhlukaniswa kwe-leukocyte nokubala kweplatelet, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-hemostasis Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-heparin anticoagulation ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukwenza ama-blood smears, ngoba ingemuva elimnyama elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka livela ngemva kokungcoliswa kwe-Wright. , okuthinta ukuncishiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-microscopic.I-Heparin anticoagulation kufanele isetshenziswe isikhathi esifushane, ngaphandle kwalokho igazi lingajiya ngemuva kokubekwa isikhathi eside kakhulu.

2. EDTA usawoti.I-EDTA ingahlangana ne-Ca2+ egazini ukuze yakhe i-chelate.Inqubo ye-coagulation ivinjiwe futhi igazi alikwazi ukubopha usawoti we-EDTA ohlanganisa i-potassium, i-sodium kanye nosawoti we-lithium.I-International Hematology Standardization Committee incoma ukusetshenziswa kwe-EDTA-K2, ene-solubility ephezulu kakhulu kanye nesivinini esisheshayo sokunqanda ukuphuma kwegazi.Usawoti we-EDTA uvame ukulungiswa ube yisisombululo esinamanzi ngengxenye enkulu engu-15%.Engeza u-1.2mgEDTA nge-ml yegazi, okungukuthi, engeza u-0.04ml wesisombululo se-EDTA esingu-15% nge-5ml ngayinye yegazi.Usawoti we-EDTA ungomiswa ku-100 ℃, futhi umphumela wawo we-anticoagulation uhlala ungashintshiwe usawoti we-EDTA akuphazamisi ukubala nosayizi wamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, unomphumela omncane kakhulu ku-morphology yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, uvimbela ukuhlangana kwe-platelet, futhi ulungele i-hematological evamile. ukutholwa.Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-anticoagulant kuphezulu kakhulu, ukucindezela kwe-osmotic kuzokhuphuka, okuzobangela ukuncipha kweseli I-pH yesisombululo se-EDTA inobudlelwane obukhulu nosawoti, futhi i-pH ephansi ingabangela ukwanda kwamaseli.I-EDTA-K2 inganweba kancane umthamo wamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, futhi ivolumu ye-platelet emaphakathi ngesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuqoqwa kwegazi ayizinzile kakhulu futhi ijwayele ukuzinza ngemva kwesigamu sehora.I-EDTA-K2 yehle i-Ca2+, Mg2+, creatine kinase ne-alkaline phosphatase.Ukuhlushwa okuphelele kwe-EDTA-K2 kwakuyigazi elingu-1. 5mg/ml.Uma kunegazi elincane, ama-neutrophils azovuvukala, ama-lobulate futhi anyamalale, ama-platelet azokhukhula futhi ahlakazeke, akhiqize izingcezu zamaplatelet avamile, okuzoholela emaphutheni emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa usawoti we-EDTA ungavimbela noma uphazamise ukuchithwa kwe-fibrin monomers ngesikhathi sokubunjwa. amahlule e-fibrin, angafanele ukutholwa kokuhlangana kwegazi nokusebenza kweplatelet, noma ukunqunywa kwe-calcium, i-potassium, i-sodium ne-nitrogenous substances.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EDTA ingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwamanye ama-enzyme futhi ivimbele i-lupus erythematosus factor, ngakho-ke ayifaneleki ukwenza amabala e-histochemical kanye nokuhlola i-blood smear yamaseli e-lupus erythematosus.

3. I-Citrate ngokuyinhloko i-sodium citrate.Isimiso sayo se-anticoagulation siwukuthi singakwazi ukuhlanganisa ne-Ca2 + egazini ukwenza i-chelate, ukuze i-Ca2 + ilahlekelwe umsebenzi wayo we-coagulation futhi inqubo ye-coagulation ivinjiwe, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukuhlangana kwegazi.I-sodium citrate inezinhlobo ezimbili zamakristalu, i-Na3C6H5O7 · 2H2O kanye ne-2Na3C6H5O7 · 11H2O, ngokuvamile i-3.8% noma i-3 neyangaphambili.Isixazululo esinamanzi esingu-2%, esixutshwe negazi ngevolumu engu-1:9.Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwe-coagulation kungenziwa i-anticoagulated nge-sodium citrate, ewusizo ekuzinzeni kwe-factor V kanye ne-factor VIII, futhi inomthelela omncane kumthamo weplatelet evamile nezinye izici zokuhlangana, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kweplatelet.I-sodium citrate ine-cytotoxicity encane futhi ingenye yezingxenye zoketshezi lokugcinwa kwegazi ekumpontshelweni kwegazi.Kodwa-ke, i-sodium citrate 6mg inganqanda igazi elingu-1ml, eline-alkaline enamandla, futhi ayifanele ukuhlaziya igazi nokuhlolwa kwe-biochemical.